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      <image:caption>I received my Ph.D. in 2008 from Washington University in St. Louis. I began at Loyola University Chicago in 2016. I am committed to advancing the professional development of all my lab members. Everyone’s lab experience is personalized based on their career goals, whether aimed at developing the skills for academia, education, industry, or medicine. I encourage students interested in our research areas to contact me if interested in joining the lab.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583768773365-5TWKLCDYB5R8XUECNOOO/Screen+Shot+2020-03-09+at+10.46.02+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Labs</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583769447727-WQ327DC4VGMWO2Z5HQ8E/Screen+Shot+2020-03-09+at+10.57.01+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Labs</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583770127507-CPZXUQTF7Q4ER79B5X4A/Screen+Shot+2020-03-09+at+11.08.36+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Labs</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583770330213-YY5ZX0UHH724ATN9QB3X/Screen+Shot+2020-03-09+at+11.07.40+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Labs</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583770041899-YL4FUGE1SPCU3Y7N6KNX/Screen+Shot+2020-03-09+at+11.07.07+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Labs</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/the-anoles-of-the-caribbean</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-03-09</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583380164183-5Q8XXWIK6M371LNVFL3F/Ecomorphs.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The anoles - Anolis lizards</image:title>
      <image:caption>The last 20 years have seen an explosion of interest in Anolis lizards. The Anolis community now spans the whole of Biology. One of the greatest strengths of the anole community is the collaboration among scientists working in historically siloed fields. This is advancing our knowledge of animal diversity in ways once thought inaccessible. Even if one is strictly interested in the mechanisms of development, it pays to understand what made anoles the power players they are today. A more detailed description of anole biology and its history can be found in Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree (Losos 2009). Enthusiasm for Anolis lizards began in the mid-20th century as Ernest Williams and his students cataloged the diversity of anoles across the Caribbean. Their work set the stage for one of the most enticing aspects of anole biology, the repeated evolution of the anole habitat specialists, or ecomorphs, across the islands of the Greater Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Hispaniola. Each of these islands supports a groups of ectomorphs that are remarkably similar, some say nearly identical, in morphology, ecology, and behavior (right). Understanding this pattern has been the driving force for the lab of Jonathan Losos since the late 1980’s. Losos’s mentorship and support has been the springboard for the careers of many of us in the active anole community and the generation of the resources many of us now rely on. Exploring the similarities and differences of independent radiations of anoles on the different islands remains one of the foremost questions of the anole community. Our community got an injection of energy in the early 2000’s as technological advancements opened the door for studying development, genomics, and genetics in non-model species. In was around this time that the genome for the green anole was completed. This was when we started breeding many species of anoles in large numbers in our labs. More recently, the lab of Doug Menke pushed anoles into a new age with the production of the first transgenic anole. When I began working on anoles in 2001, few would have guessed that we would have crossed this threshold in only 18 years. To date, many of us that study anole development are using the brown anole, A. sagrei, in our labs, although it was the green anole the was first sequenced. This may seem like a strange decision at face value, but it is because the brown anoles are more robust and lay 5-10 time the number of eggs as the green anoles. For the moment this is an inconvenience, but will likely become yet another transient speed bump that the anole community overcomes.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583368318628-UX5647DVWE244V29HY36/Screen+Shot+2020-03-04+at+6.31.35+PM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>The anoles - The Anolis development community grows</image:title>
      <image:caption>To developmental biologists focused solely on the molecular details of an embryo, studying lizards may seem like nothing more than a fun hobby. However, many people are starting to realize the strength of moving beyond the traditional vertebrate model systems. Following from investments in technology and a general intellectual curiosity, more labs are using lizards, as both comparative and experimental systems for development. With increasing momentum over the last decade, To date, the development of limbs, heads, genitalia, and tails have all been investigated. I feel like the community is ready to pave exciting new avenues into the developmental mechanisms of lizard morphology in coming years.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/home-v2</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-03-18</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1584541926916-OHK3LDPHIPXHJBT5SB91/anolis.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Home V2</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/people-v2</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-03-20</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1583011072412-9K0VQGDEYWBI8SN6AKRZ/Th+on+the+roof.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>People V2 - Dr. Thomas Sanger</image:title>
      <image:caption>I received my Ph.D. in 2008 from Washington University in St. Louis. I began at Loyola University Chicago in 2016. I am committed to advancing the professional development of all my lab members. Everyone’s lab experience is personalized based on their career goals, whether aimed at developing the skills for academia, education, industry, or medicine. I encourage students interested in our research areas to contact me if interested in joining the lab.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1584545523876-JW3J48V5GXGQDTOU8VBL/Lily.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>People V2</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1584545486363-K1U8NREQHMOZ5JNDSXMA/sylvianunez-2020.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>People V2</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/3d-rendering</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-24</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1587869290220-EZQCZ86Q38SO95P6M8X2/thresholding_how+to+do+it+right_2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D rendering</image:title>
      <image:caption>THRESHOLDING Thresholding is the process we use to remove the background noise and surrounding soft tissue from the skulls. There is an element of art in this. A little too much removed and we might lose small slips of bone. Don’t remove enough and there may be obstructions in front of the parts we care about. To the right you will see a guide to what we are looking for. Also refer to the useful video below.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1590286769180-ULA69J5OARD7A3I21PD4/Angles.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D rendering</image:title>
      <image:caption>Almost there! You are nearly ready to take some images. To the right are some examples of images of skulls and embryos that we take using 3D Slicer. Below is one last video to tutorial video that teaches you how to capture these images. One of the most important lessons we have learned is that you want to take LOTS of images. Take right and left sides. Play with the angles. You never know how these images will be used in the future and it is far easier to take the images now, rather than reloading the files at a later time. You will also need to export and STL file. Don’t forget about that. This is what we will use for landmarking and measurements.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/project-management</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-05</lastmod>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Project management</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1587875390388-K7A6J27WQPJTVHP33CHI/unnamed.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Project management</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/skull</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-04-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1587656268147-JOGOG6HSXTCUL7AB9HQR/Skull+evo-devo.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Iquanid skull diversification</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sanger Lab Collaborative Project: The Evolution and Development of the Lizard Skull</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1587873057753-GBXPXEWEROK69S1C8UF9/Iguanid+phylogeny.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Iquanid skull diversification - T he lizard skull is remarkably diverse. There are species with long faces which likely evolved to quickly snap prey out of the air. In contrast, there are species with short jaws and large muscles that exhibit a powerful bite. Then there are species with horns, ornaments, and accessory ossifications that adorn the skull. Although most of these species have been known to science for decades, but the broad evolutionary patterns of skull diversification have not been as widely explored. As many of you know, our lab specializes on Anolis lizards, a textbook model of adaptive diversification. Prior works suggests that the Anolis exploded in morphological diversity and species richness as this clade moved out of South America into the Caribbean islands that, which were absent ecological competitors and predators. However, this idea has not been fully tested. First, most studies have focused on the post cranium. Rarely have studies directly compared Anolis lizards to their distant relatives. The goal of this large study is to test whether the skull of Anolis lizards has diversified in novel ways compared to these relatives. To accomplish this goal we will analyze the shape of three-dimensional skull models based on data collected on CT scanners. Some of this data we have collected from specimens borrowed from the Field Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. Other of these data have come from public repositories. In total, I hope that we will compare head shapes among approximately 350 species. Roughly half will be anoles and the other half from families closely related to anoles (left). This project will be one of the largest analyses of lizard skull shape conducted to date once complete. At our roots we remain a developmental biology lab. Once we understand where the largest transitions in skull shape occurred we will be better equipped to analyze developmental patterns on either side of that transition. This analysis will allow us to pick the extremes of morphological diversity and use that to determine the developmental changes that lead to those differences. Although this is an exciting project on its own, it will set the stage for many future investigations in our lab.</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/skokie</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-05</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e57cfa3d5d0f71e580a755c/1588553048399-FPCNR257OEK6ADR1H8PD/Screen+Shot+2020-05-03+at+7.43.57+PM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Skokie scavenger Hunt</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.anolisevodevo.space/3d-staging-series</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-04-21</lastmod>
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      <image:title>3D staging series</image:title>
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      <image:title>3D staging series</image:title>
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      <image:title>3D staging series</image:title>
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      <image:title>3D staging series</image:title>
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    <lastmod>2022-01-12</lastmod>
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    <lastmod>2022-04-22</lastmod>
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